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The United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom are preparing to open discussions about expanding their AUKUS security pact.

These talks aim to include new members in their collective efforts to enhance technological advancements in quantum computing, undersea capabilities, hypersonics, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity. This move, announced by defense ministers, seeks to bolster deterrence mechanisms against China’s increasing influence in the Indo-Pacific region.

At the heart of the discussions is the inclusion of Japan as the first additional partner in what is termed “Pillar Two” of the AUKUS agreement. This development comes as President Joe Biden intensifies alliances across Asia to counteract China’s military expansion and territorial assertiveness. With Japan poised to join the pact, the focus remains on technological collaboration rather than expanding the initial aim of equipping Australia with nuclear-powered submarines.

Despite the anticipation surrounding Japan’s inclusion, several hurdles must be addressed. These include enhancing Japan’s cyber defenses and establishing stringent protocols for safeguarding sensitive information. US officials have expressed optimism about overcoming these challenges, emphasizing the need for Japan to bolster its intellectual property protection and accountability measures concerning classified information.

The initiative to widen AUKUS’s scope has not been without its reservations. Australia has expressed caution, prioritizing tangible progress on existing commitments over embarking on new ventures. Meanwhile, interest from other nations in joining AUKUS indicates a collective eagerness to contribute to regional stability and security.